Turnpikes and Roads in B & O WINTER - The Good, the Bad and the Ugly

Moving units and supplies to where they need to be at the right time is a critical aspect of campaign simulation. Railroads are a major asset in accomplishing this, which is why destroying the enemy's railroad network always has a high priority. Roads are also important, but they are often subject to weather conditions.

Roads in the simulation are given one of four classes:

• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary
• Other

The "Other" class is highly unpredictable, but usually very poor.

The roads used in the simulation can be viewed on the campaign map for the simulation and are as follows:

Road Class	Road Name	Terminus	Towns on Road
Primary	Valley Turnpike “The Pike”	Williamsport (MD) – Mt. Jackson	Williamsport (Md), Hainville, Martinsburg, Darksville, Bunker Hill, Winchester, Kernstown, Newtown, Middletown, Strasburg, Woodstock, Edinburg, Mt. Jackson
Primary	National Road	Cumberland – Dam No. 5 Turnoff	Cumberland, Hancock
Primary	Northwest Turnpike	Winchester - Greenland	Winchester, Petticoat Gap, Cacapon Bridge (Bridge), Pleasant Dale, Frenchburg, Romney, Burlington, Williamsport (VA), Greenland
Secondary	Romney-Petersburg Rd.	Romney (junction with NW Turnpike) - Petersburg	Romney, Mooresfield, Petersburg (via Bald Hill and Trough Mountain)
Secondary	Cacapon and North Branch Turnpike	National Road Junction – Cacapon Bridge	Springfield, Clasor’s Ford (ford on South Branch), Slainesville, Clayont Cacapon Bridge (via road north of Grape Ridge, Candy Ridge and Parker Mt.)
Secondary	Martinsburg Turnpike	Frenchburg - Martinsburg	Frenchburg, Slanesville, Sherrard, Bloomery Gap (gap), Gano Town, Shanghai, Boyd’s Gap, Martinsburg
Secondary	Old Town-Romney Road	Old Town - Romney	Old Town, Springfield, Hanging Rock, Romney
Tertiary	Old Town Road	Martinsburg Turnpike Junction – Potomac Turnpike Junction	None – passes through Spring Gap Mountain and fords Cacapon River
Tertiary	Potomac Turnpike	Cumberland – Cacapon and North Branch Turnpike Junction	Cumberland – Old Town (fords Potomac and crosses B & O)
Tertiary	Hampshire and Morgan Turnpike	Paw Paw Tunnel – Martinsburg Turnpike Junction	None – only road access to Paw Paw Tunnel
Tertiary	Parker Road	Springfield Junction – Cacapon North Branch Turnpike Junction	None - Fords South Fork
Tertiary	Old Romney Road	Clayton – Suspension Brigade	Clayton, Three Churches, Suspension Bridge (bridge)
Tertiary	Pugh’s Road	Junction near Clayton – Pleasant Dale	None
Other	All other roads

Primary Roads (such as the macadamized Valley Turnpike) greatly enhance the speed of march and thus the distance covered during the day. Base marching speeds are affected by the road class they are on as follows:

Road Modifier: Roads are divided into four classes, with a marching speed modifier for each class. Marching speed changes at the time a unit enters a different class of road.

Road Class	Modifier
Primary Road	+ 1.0 miles per hour
Secondary Road	+0.4 miles per hour
Tertiary Road	+0 miles per hour
Other Road (unreliable, usually poor conditions)	Random modifier from – 0.5 miles per hour to -1.0

Precipitation affects marching speeds and the modifier is applied differently across road classes:

Precipitation Modifier: Rain or snow really messes up the road and slows down the march. The precipitation modifier is applied daily based on road class. “Other” roads are unpredictable. A four-sided die is rolled to determine the modifier for each “Other” class road in the event of precipitation.

Road Class	Modifier
Primary	-0.04 miles per hour  per 0.1 inch of precipitation
Secondary	-0.1 miles per hour per 0.1 inch of precipitation
Tertiary	-0.14 miles per hour per 0.1 inch of precipitation
Other (Roll 1)	-0.2 miles per hour per 0.1 inch of precipitation
Other (Roll 2)	0.24  miles per hour per 0.1 inch of precipitation
Other (Roll 3)	0.3 miles per hour per 0.1 inch of precipitation
Other (Roll 4)	0.4 miles per hour per 0.1 inch of precipitation

Control of roads will make a difference during the simulation.